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The Irish Times.
TUESDAY, APRIL 25, 1916.
The Outbreak.
This newspaper has never been published in stranger circumstances than those which obtain to-day. An attempt has been made to overthrow the constitutional government of Ireland. It began yesterday morning in Dublin—at present we can speak for no other part of Ireland, for there has been an abrupt stoppage of all means of external communication. At this critical moment our language must be moderate, unsensational, and free from any tendency to alarm. As soon as peace and order have been restored the responsibility for this intended revolution will be fixed in the right quarter. The question whether it could have been averted will be discussed, and will be answered on the ample evidence which the events of the last few months afford. To-day we can deal only with to-day's and yesterday's facts. During the last twenty-four hours an effort has been made to set up an independent Irish Republic in Dublin. It was well organised; a large number of armed men are taking part in it; and to the general public, at any rate, the outbreak came as a complete surprise. An attempt was made to seize Dublin Castle, but this failed. The rebels then took possession of the City Hall and of the Dublin Daily Express Office. During these operations a soldier and a policeman were shot dead. The General Post Office was seized, and a green flag was hoisted on its roof. Several shops in this quarter of Sackville street were smashed and looted. It appears that the invaders of the Post
Office have cut the telegraph and trunk telephone wires. Harcourt street Station and Westland row Station were seized; the South Dublin Union was seized. In the very centre of the city a party of the rebel volunteers took possession of St. Stephen's Green, where, as we write, they are still entrenched. The military authorities were in motion soon after the beginning of the outbreak. Fierce fighting has taken place between the soldiers and the rebels in various parts of the city, and there is reason to fear that many lives have been lost. The Fire Brigade ambulance was busy during yesterday, and brought wounded soldiers and some wounded civilians to the various hospitals. The soldiers have retaken the City Hall and some other positions which were seized by the rebels; but, as we write, many places are still in rebel hands. Of course, this desperate episode in Irish history can have only one end, and the loyal public will await it as calmly and confidently as may be. Nothing in all yesterday's remarkable scenes was more remarkable than the quietness and courage with which the people of Dublin accepted the sudden and widespread danger. In the very neighbourhood of the fiercest fighting the streets were full of cheerful or indifferent spectators. Such courage is excellent, but it may degenerate into recklessness. Perhaps, the most useful thing that we can do now is to remember that in quietness and confidence shall be our strength, and to trust firmly in the speedy triumph of the forces of law and order. Those loyal citizens of Dublin who cannot actively help their country's cause at this moment may help it indirectly by refusing to give way to panic, and by maintaining in their households a healthy spirit of hope. The ordeal is severe, but it will be short.

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DUBLIN METROPOLITAN POLICE,
2nd MAY, 1913.
Please pass Edmund
Donelan of
Rose Dale Varginourt, Blooked
through the streets of the City
and D.M.P. area.
to Edwardth - Edwardth
Commissioner.

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ADVENTURES OF ENGLISH VISITOR.
Saw Shops Looted and Dead Bodies.—Taken For a Spy.
By HARRY WEBBER.
THE first intimation I had that any mischief was afoot was when, shortly after midday on Monday, a rumour went around Fairyhouse Race-course that a riot had broken out in Sackville-street.
As usually happens in such cases, the rumours were very wild, and all kinds of strange stories were passing round the course. My friends and I, however, refused to credit any of them until we could see for ourselves what actually was happening. So we decided to return that night to our hotel—the Metropole—in Sackville-street, Dublin.
When about four miles from Dublin the train in which we were travelling was stopped. The guard alighted and, going the whole length of the train, told the passengers that they could not go any further by rail that day.
At this the women and children aboard became nervous; many of them refused to proceed to Dublin. I decided to walk on.
I had not gone more than a mile when the sound of intermittent gunfire coming from the direction of Dublin caught my ear. As I drew nearer it became louder, and later I could distinguish mingled with the gunfire hoarse cries and the sound of breaking glass. As I passed through the suburbs of the city I found people hurrying excitedly hither and thither, some coming from Sackville-street, others going to it.
LOOTING THE SHOPS.
At last I arrived in Sackville-street. Never before had I witnessed such a Feiners—chiefly young men of from sixteen to twenty-five years of age—all armed with rifles and revolvers, were parading the place, terrorising the people who passed to and fro. If the sightseers congregated together in one spot they would find themselves confronted by an impudent young rebel, who would point a revolver at them and give the order to move on. Further along the rioters were looting several shops, which they afterwards set on fire. Outside the shops disreputable
men and women foraged among the garbage in the gutter for things that had been thrown from the wrecked shops.
The rebels had commandeered all the food at the Hotel Metropole and at many other hotels. They gave warrants to the hotel-keepers, however, stating that the food taken would be paid for. The Hotel Imperial, almost opposite the Metropole, they commandeered altogether, a number of rebels remaining inside, while others strongly barricaded the doors and windows. Later I saw men keeping watch at the upstairs windows, their rifles protruding over the window-sills. Their intention was evidently to make the building their strong-hold, for I understand that inside they had stored large quantities of ammunition and food. All the side-streets leading into Sackville-street were barricaded with furniture taken from houses and shops.
OLD WOMAN BAYONETED.
Shortly after I arrived I was stopped and questioned by a Sinn Feiner I showed him papers, including an Army rejection form, however, and satisfied him that I was not a spy.
In other parts of the town I found abundant evidence that Sackville-street was not the only neighbourhood that had suffered at the hands of the rioters. Here I passed a wrecked shop; there a shot horse or a dead body. One, an old lady, was bayoneted through the throat because she told some rioters who invaded her hotel that they "ought to be ashamed of themselves."
Wishing to get back to England, where I had pressing business, I went to the post office, but I found that this had also been commandeered, and inquired whether I could safely travel from Dublin to Kingstown. After some discussion I was given a pass, signed "James Connolly," which stated that the bearer was to be allowed to leave the city. The pass is now in the hands of the police.
As no trains were running, I looked around for some conveyance to carry me to Kingstown, but could find nothing. I offered as much as £50 to anyone who would take me, but all to no purpose. Eventually I walked.

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Louis T. Reed Kees

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BROADSTONE STATION
Occupied by rebels.
THE FOUR COURTS
Occupied by rebels.
CITY HALL
Seized by the rebels
POST OFFICE
Seized by rebels last Monday. They cut telegraph & telephone wires.
SACKVILLE ST.
Houses occupied by rebels.
ABBEY ST.
Houses occupied by rebels.
LIBERTY HALL
The rebels headquarters. Wholly or partially destroyed and now occupied by military.
R. LIFFEY
O'CONNELL BRIDGE
THE QUAYS
Houses seized by rebels.
SHELBOURNE HOTEL
ST STEPHEN'S GREEN
Seized and houses occupied by rebels last Monday. Now reported reoccupied by military.
GRAFTON ST.
DUBLIN CASTLE
Where the rebels on Monday made a half hearted attack which was not pushed.
A pictorial map illustrating the points attacked in the City of Dublin by the Sinn Fein rebels.

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THURSDAY, 31
LARKIN'S
STORES IN THE CITY
Mr. Jim Larkin with his children.

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MR. HOLDEN STODART,
Killed while discharging his duty as Corps
Superintendent of the St. John Ambulance
Brigade in Dublin, was the younger sur-
viving son of Mr. Thos. A. Stodart, "Irish
Times."

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Jacob's biscuit factory, which was one of the rebel's "forts."
The Countess Markievicz behind the bars of Liberty Hall.

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CONNOLLY FATALLY WOUNDED IN POST OFFICE
Republican Stronghold "Has Been Destroyed."
END OF THE REPUBLIC.
Isolated Bands Of Rebels Reported In The West.
Official news from Dublin, issued just before midnight on Saturday, carried the narrative of events in the city up to Saturday morning.—
The Daily Sketch is able to carry the story as far as four o'clock on Saturday afternoon.
At that hour the rebels surrendered unconditionally.
James Connolly, their leader, was dead from wounds. He was in the Post Office, the rebel headquarters, when it was attacked by the troops, and was shot through the thigh.
Saturday night's official report said:
(1) The situation this (Saturday) morning has improved considerably, but the rebels are still offering serious resistance in the neighbourhood of Sackville-street. The cordon of troops encircling this quarter was, however, steadily closing in, but the house-to-house fighting necessarily rendered this progress slow.(2) The Post Office and a block of buildings east of Sackville-street have been destroyed by fire. A party of rebels has been driven out of Bolland's Mill, Ringsend, by guns mounted on motor lorries. One of the rebel leaders, a man named Pearse, was said to be in this area,
wounded in the leg. A report received this evening states that Pearse has surrendered unconditionally, and that he asserts he has authority to accept the same terms of surrender for his followers in Dublin.
Another leader, James Connolly, is reported killed.
The Four Courts district, which is still held by the rebels, is also surrounded by a cordon of troops, which is gradually closing in.
All information to hand points to the conclusion that the rebellion, so far as Dublin is concerned, is on the verge of collapse. A considerable number of rebels are prisoners in military custody.
(3) Reports received this (Saturday) evening from the rest of Ireland are generally satisfactory. The conditions in Belfast and Ulster province are normal, and the situation at Londonderry is stated to be quite satisfactory.
The district within 15 miles of Galway is also reported to be normal, but a band of rebels has been located between Athenry and Craughwell.
Nineteen rebel prisoners have been captured, and are on their way to Queenstown.
Another band of rebels are reported to have entrenched themselves at Enniscorthy, but the police are still holding out, and the roads and railways are cleared to within four miles of the town.
The damage to the Barrow Bridge, on the Dublin and South-Eastern Railway, is now reported not to be serious.
TRALEE AND DROGHEDA QUIET.
Tralee Nationalist Volunteers yesterday offered their services to the military and police authorities in quelling any disturbances that may prise. Similar offers from Nationalist volunteers have been received from other counties.
No outbreak had occurred up to yesterday after Noon on Ardee or in any portion of co. Louth. In Drogheda all was quiet. Postal, telegraphic, and railway traffic was still restricted, and no Dublin papers had arrived for a week.

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Second Lieut. G. V. Pinfield, 8th
Hussars, killed by the rebels.

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Sir Roger Casemant, the traitor, in the uniform of British Consul, which he disgraced.

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A horse killed in St. Stephen's Green.—(Photograph reproduced by courtesy of the Illustrated Sunday Herald, the only Sunday paper to have pictures yesterday direct from Dublin since the rebellion broke out.)

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WOUNDED SOLDIERS' VAIN
APPEAL TO REBELS.
Doctor's Story of Helpless Men Shot
by Insurrectionists.
A pathetic story of how some wounded men vainly tried to persuade the Dublin insurrectionists to down arms is told by a doctor who witnessed the disturbances on Easter Monday and Tuesday.
"At first," he said, "nobody took the rebels seriously, and their movements were regarded as a bit of play-acting. 'I saw the General Post Office taken,' he continued, "together with the Four Courts and Jacobs' factory. The rebels met with little or no resistance, and it was not until some cavalry appeared that some shots were fired."
"The military were greeted with a fusillade of bullets from the tops of buildings in which the rebels were concealed."
"In one case I saw a girl in charge of three little girls fall to the ground. Whether she was fired at or only collapsed I cannot say. The rebels fired on all traffic, regardless of consequences, and tramway-car after tramway-car was riddled with shot."
"Some men who saw this scene, although limping along on crutches, approached the rebels. 'For God's sake, don't shoot innocent people,' cried one, whilst another called out, 'You are killing your own mothers and sisters.'"
"But the rebels were heartless. The men advanced, and I regret to say that the miscreants fired on the helpless fellows, each of whom was incapable of defence. Red Cross nurses went to the assistance of the 'Tommies.'"
"Two of the wounded men fell during the confusion, and a young girl wheeling a perambulator, ran up to them, managed to lift one, and with her arms round his waist, dragged him to safety."
"The women behaved splendidly and were completely indifferent to their personal safety."

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WOMEN UNDER FIRE
AT A WINDOW.
Surprise Shots That Came from
Sinn Feiners in a Shrubbery.
REBELS' CHOCOLATE MEAL.
A dramatic account of her experiences in Dublin at the outbreak of the Sinn Fein riots is given to the Exchange by a young lady who is now in London and was spending her holidays in Ireland.
Together with another young lady, she was serving refreshments to troops on the march opposite the house where she was staying, when, she says, the rioters, who had been ensconced in some shrubbery, opened fire.
The soldiers shouted to her that she had better "run for it," and this she did, accompanied by her friend.
A number of soldiers and an officer were injured. One officer who was standing in the shelter of a hedge was injured while directing the fire of his men.
The fighting lasted from 1.20 until after 5 o'clock, and at one time the fire was so severe that the motor-ambulance was warned off.
A MARKED HOUSE.
On entering the house a party of four ladies went upstairs to a third-story bedroom, and had only just opened the window to look out when the Sinn Feiners fired from the lane at the back, where it was suspected they had been hiding.
The first shot cut a hole in the window blind and shutter, struck the wall and ricochetted towards where they were standing.
They at once proceeded to go downstairs, when two more shots were fired, one of which grazed a lady's cheek.
Realising that the house was apparently marked by the rebels, they made up their minds to spend the night in the basement, but as the firing stopped in the evening they made more tea and took it out to the soldiers.
They informed the troops that their house was evidently a marked one, and the military advised them to go to a house next door.
"This we did," continues her narrative, "and later that evening our house was turned into a temporary resting place for soldiers."

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TO-DAY'S OFFICIAL
Evening Mail May 3 16
REBEL LEADERS EXECUTED
IRELAND GENERALLY QUIET
The following official communique was issued to-day:—
Three signatories of the notice proclaiming the Irish Republic, P. H. Pearse, T. Macdonagh, and T. J. Clarke, have been tried by Field General Courtmartial and sentenced to death.
The sentence having been duly confirmed, the three above-mentioned men WERE SHOT this morning.
The trial of further prisoners is proceeding.
Yesterday there were still some small disturbances in the South and West of
Ireland, in which some casualties have occurred. The rest of Ireland is reported quiet.
Larne has been added to the list of ports from which passengers may leave Ireland.
Until further notice no aliens will be allowed to land in Ireland—unless in possession of a permit, which can be obtained from the Military Permit Officer, 19 Bedford Square, London, or from the Military Control Officer, Room 347, Royal Liver Building, Liverpool.
All persons who intend to travel between England and Ireland should be in possession of papers proving their identity.

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Joseph Plunkett (nearest the camera), who was shot, and Grace Gifford, who married him in the condemned cell a few hours before the execution.

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MAIL, FRIDAY, MAY 5, 1916.
ANOTHER REBEL SHOT
"MAJOR" McBRIDE EXECUTED TO-DAY
TWO OTHERS GET PENAL SERVITUDE FOR LIFE
Surrender of Arms Going On Satisfactorily
TO-DAY'S OFFICIAL STATEMENT
May 5th, 1916.
The surrender of arms in accordance with the Proclamation of the General Officer Commanding in Chief is taking place satisfactorily.
The following message has been received from His Majesty the King:—
Windsor Castle, 4th May, 1916.
To General Sir John Maxwell, C.O.C.-in-C.,
Irish Command, Dublin—
Now that the recent lamentable outbreak has finally been quelled, I wish to express to my gallant troops in Ireland, to the Royal Irish Constabulary, and to the Dublin Metropolitan Police, my deep sense of the whole-hearted devotion of duty and spirit of self-sacrifice with which throughout they have acted.
GEORGE R.I.
Trials by courtmartial of rebels proceeded yesterday, and thirty-six men were tried. Confirmation has only taken place in three cases, namely, those of—
THOMAS HUNTER,
JOHN McBRIDE,
WILLIAM COSGRAVE.
All three of these men were sentenced to death, but the General Officer Commanding in Chief commuted death sentence to penal servitude for life in the case of Hunter and Cosgrave.
The death sentence on John McBride was carried out this morning.
The following men were tried on the 2nd May:—
EDWARD DUGGAN,
PIERCE BEASLEY,
JOSEPH MAGUINNESS.
These men were each sentenced to three years penal servitude, and the sentence was confirmed by the General Officer Commanding in Chief.

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Countess Markievicz leaving after the court-martial. She is seen with the wardress in the Red Cross ambulance which did duty for a "Black Maria."

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FOUR MORE SHOT
Header
May 8 '68
Edmund Kent Among the Executed
TWENTY OTHERS SENTENCED
The official notification issued to-day at the Headquarters Staff Office. Dublin, says:
The following are further results of trials by Field General Courtmantial:—
Sentenced to death, and sentences carried out this morning:—
CORNELIUS COLBERT,
EDMUND KENT,
MICHAEL MALLON,
J. J. HEUSTON.
All these four men took a very prominent part in the rebellion.
Sentenced to death, commuted to eight years' penal servitude:—
JAMES O'SULLIVAN.
Sentenced to death, commuted to five years' penal servitude:—
VINCENT POOLE.
WILLIAM P. CORRIGAN.
Sentenced to death, commuted to three years' penal servitude:—
JOHN DOURNEY.
JAMES BURKE.
JAMES MORRISSEY.
MAURICE BRENNAN.
GERALD DOYLE.
CHARLES BEVAN.
JOHN O'BRIEN.
PATRICK FOGARTY.
JOHN FAULKNER.
MICHAEL BRADY.
JAMES DEMPSEY.
GEORGE LEVINS.
JOHN F. CULLEN.
J. DORRINGTON.
W. O'DEA.
P. KELLY.
Sentenced to ten years' penal servitude, seven years remitted.
MICHAEL SCULLY.
Sentenced to two years' imprisonment, with hard labour, one year remitted:—
J. CRENIGAN.
WILLIAM DERRINGTON.
Acquitted and released:—
JOHN R. REYNOLDS.
JOSEPH CALLAGHAN.
EAMONN KENT, or Ceannt, was one of the signatories to the Proclamation issued by the rebels on Easter Monday. About two months ago he was prosecuted under the Defence of the Realm Act for certain utterances in the County Cork, but was discharged.
He was an official of the Dublin Corporation.
Mr. Kent was a man of intellectual attainments, and had a brilliant Intermediate course.

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AN IRISH RIOT HERO.
Sec.-Lieut. E. R. W. M'Cammond, who rode through the crowd at Portobello Bridge, Dublin, at great risk, and decimated the rebels there.

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David Sheehy, M.P., the
aged father of Mrs.
Skeffington.
Sheehy Skeffington's seven-year-old boy—his only child. Lieut. Sheehy helped to quell the rebellion. Mrs. T. M. Kettle, another sister-in-law, also arrested. Her husband is a British officer.
Though shot as a rebel—his death is now the subject of a court-martial—Mr. Sheehy Skeffington belonged by marriage to a family many of whom are in khaki. His nephew, Lieutenant Sheehy, fought with the Dublin Fusiliers against the rebels.—Lafayette, etc.)

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THE REBELLION.
13 May 1916
TWO MORE LEADERS
SHOT.
THE MARTIAL LAW
REGULATIONS.
PRIME MINISTER IN
DUBLIN.
The official communiqué issued last evening stated that two further leaders of the rebellion—namely, James Connolly and John McDermott—had been tried by courtsmartial and sentenced to death. The sentences were duly executed yesterday morning.
The General Officer Commanding-in-Chief the Forces in Ireland has issued an order extending the hours during which, under martial law, people may be in the streets. According to the new regulations, all persons, except those having pressing business, must be in their houses from midnight to 4 a.m.
Mr. Asquith, Prime Minister, arrived in Dublin yesterday morning, and during the day had conferences with the Under-Secretary and other officials.
TWO MORE REBELS
EXECUTED.
CONNOLLY AND M'DERMOTT
SHOT.
The following communiqué was issued yesterday from the Headquarters, Irish Command, Parkgate, Dublin:—
The trial of two prominent leaders in the rebellion, whose names appeared in the proclamation issued by the so-called "Provisional Government"—namely:
James Connolly and
John McDermott,
took place on the 9th May.
Sentence of death was awarded in each case. These sentences were confirmed by the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief on the 9th May, and they were carried out this morning (May 12th).

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Messrs. Chancellor, photographers, Lower Sackville street, supply this remarkable relic of the rebellion. The picture of the late Dr. Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (on the left) and the late Lord Plunket, Archbishop of Dublin (on the right) were riddle with shrapnel, with the remarkable result shown above.

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A STORY OF THE REVOLT
INCIDENTS FROM BAY-TO-BAY
Impressions of an Eye-witness
("EVENING MAIL" SPECIAL)
The following account of the revolt in Dublin was written, as a private record, and for the information of his relatives, by the Rev. Gorlon Clements, The Manse, Donore, South Circular road.
At the request of the "Evening Mail" the Rev. Mr. Clements kindly consented to its publication in our columns.
An account of the events of the week beginning April 24th (Easter Monday), 1916, in city of Dublin, principally on the South side:—
Monday, the 24th.—Had lunch to-day about 1 o'clock. The day was fine, and it was as quiet as Sunday on the South Circular road. At 2 o'clock left for Rathfarnham. Noticed little groups of people, principally women, at Leonard's Corner. Thought the exceptionally pleasant day when them out of doors. The tram proceeded; finally it struck me that there was something unusual in the number of people about. Spoke to conductor, and was told that the Sinn Fein party and Irish Volunteers had broken loose; had seized a number of public buildings, and that already several people
WERE SHOT DEAD.
At Terenure the car stopped, and was ordered to its stables. I walked on to Rathfarnham, and spent several hours on the links. More alarming reports arrived, that railway lines had been out and the whole tram system stopped. At dusk returned to city. Had to walk, like hundreds of others, who had gone countrywards in the morning. Arrived home about 7.30, and went out again, and learned that the Volunteers had seized the Post Office, the Four Courts, Stephen's Green, the College of Surgeons, and other buildings on the Green; the City Hall, the "Evening Mail" Office, Watlins' Brewery, the Distributory in Marrowbone Lane, the South Dublin Union, and Jacob's Biscuit Factory, an important and strategic selection.Went to bed about 10.30. About 11.30 rise shots began to be heard at some distance. They continued in a dropping way till about 1.30, when I blew out my light
and went asleep, too amazed to take the thing seriously.
Tuesday, 25th—Breakfast at 9. No morning newspaper, no letters, no trains. I had lain awake listening for them, with our noisy but reassuring pounding. In vain. Went down town about 10.30. Many people about. As the Synod of Dublin is convened for this morning I carry a small handbag with the Presbytery minutes
for submission to the Synod. Outside door a friend warns me that I will never be able to reach the Church House in Sackville street. Things look so ominous. I leave back my bag and then proceed cityward. Meet T. G. Lewis, who tells me that the lawbreakers are sniping soldiers at Rialto Bridge. He saw one young officer shot deadwith a bullet in the head, another shot through the shoulder. I begin to realise that this is no mere mob riot. Proceed to Harcourt street and Stephen's Green. Notice two small boys well known to me biking it down the street into the very eye of danger, and order them home. Arrived at the corner of the Green, I perceive a number of motor cars drawn up as a kind of barrier, opposite Russell's Hotel. Several more on the west side. Hear a few shots, nevertheless people pass freely. There is
A RECKLESSNESS
in the presence of danger, a desire to taste the thrill of it, together with trust in luck. I feel like that. Besides, I want to see things. I, too, go down the west side. Half-way the firing breaks out very viciously. Can't tell anything about the direction of the shots; the round and the echoes are so sharp and baffling. People begin to hasten, some run. Don't know what I did, but got back to the corner of Cuffe street. Take Mercer street down to South King street, and come out on the north-west corner of the Green. A machine gun begins to
RAP OUT VICIOUSLY.

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BULLET HITS PRIVY COUNCILLOR'S CAR.
Sir Horace Plunkett driving away from a meeting of the Irish Privy Council, of which Mr. Asquith is now a member. Note the patched bullet mark on the panel of the car.

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SIR JOHN MAXWELL'S
APPOINTMENT.
ANNOUNCEMENT IN THE
COMMONS.
In the House of Commons on Thursday, Mr. ASQUITH said—'The Cabinet have decided to-day that the Irish Executive must at once proclaim martial law over the whole of Ireland. General Sir John Maxwell left this afternoon for Ireland, and has been given plenary power to proclaim martial law over the whole of the country, and the Irish Executive have placed themselves at his disposal to carry out his instructions.
Replying to a question by Mr. Butcher, Mr. Asquith said, "As everybody will see, the first paramount duty of the Government is to stamp out the rebellion with all possible vigour and promptitude, and that we are doing. Behind that immediate necessity, however, the obligation rests upon the Government to make a searching investigation into the causes of and responsibilities for the occurrencies. (Loud cheers.) The Government fully recognise the duty they have to discharge in this matter.
Sir JOHN LONSDALE—Did the Chief Secretary for Ireland bring to the notice of the Cabinet the state of affairs in Ireland, and was the failure of the Irish Executive to take action due to the attitude of the Cabinet?
Mr. AQUITH—No, sir. I hope the hon. member will remember the statement I made just now, that the Government have undertaken to make, and are making, a complete investigation into the whole of the causes and responsibilities for these events.
Sir EDWARD CARSON—I feel quite satisfie with the statement of the Prime Minister, and I will gladly join with the hon. member for Waterford (Mr. John Redmond) in doing everything that can be done to help the Government and denounce these rebels now and for evermore. May I als say that I hope the newspapers and the whole of the Press will not try, during a war of the character such as we have, to bring about political distraction on Irish questions? (Cheers.)
An HON. MEMBER—Is the Prime Minister aware that it is the general feeling in Ireland that the Secretary for Ireland should tender his resignation? (Cries of "Order.")
Mr. JOHN REDMOND, who rose amid Mr. JOHN REDMOND, who rose amid cheers, said:—"I hope the House will allow me to say one sentence, although you may really thin kit unnecessary, to give expression, on behalf of myself and of all my colleagues of the Nationalist Party and of the overwhelming majority of the people of Ireland, of our feelings of detestation and horror with regard to these proceedings in Ireland. I join most cordially with the right hon. gentleman (Sir E. Carson) in hoping that no set of newspaper nor any public man will use what has happened in Ireland as a political weapon against any party." (Cheers.)

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THE IRISH TIMES, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, MONDAY, APRIL 28 AND 29 & MAY 1, 1916.
COLLAPSE OF SINN FEIN
RISING.
INSURGENTS SURRENDER IN
LARGE BODIES.
SUDDEN ORDER TO CEASE FIRE.
GREAT DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY.
MANY DEAD AND WOUNDED.
MARTIAL LAW THROUGHOUT IRELAND.
Shortly before 4 o'clock on Saturday we received the official announcement that the rebels in Dublin were surrendering unconditionally.
The following communication was issued by the Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief the Home Forces early on Saturday morning :—
The military operations for the suppression of the rebellion in Dublin are proceeding satisfactorily.
What may be described as the organised forces of the rebels are confined to a few localities, the principal one being the Sackville street district, in which the rebels' headquarters appear to be the General Post Office.
The cordon of troops round this district has been drawn closer, and the rebels in this locality appear now to be confined behind the line of their barricades.
Sniping from houses in which small parties of the rebels have established themselves in various parts of the city still continues.
The district where this is most prevalent is that to the north-west of the Four Courts which is still in possession of the rebels. The clearance of the snipers is a matter of time.
Considerable damage was caused by fires on Thursday, and a large fire is still burning in Sackville street.
In other parts of Ireland the principal centres of disturbance are County Galway and Enniscorthy.
Disturbances have also been reported at Killarney, Clonmel, and Gorey.
Other parts of Ireland appear to be normal.
The general trend of the reports received indicates that the disturbances are local in character.

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OF YOUR CHARITY
PRAY FOR THE REPOSE OF THE SOUL OF
THE PRIEST PATRIOT
Father Dominic (O'Connor) O. M. Cap.
Chaplain to the I. R. A. to Lord Mayor
Mac Curtain and Lord Mayor Mac Swiney.
Born in Cork Ireland, 1883.
Entered Franciscan Capuchin Order 1899.
Ordained to the Priesthood St. Patrick's
Day 1906.
Died in Exile for the Republic of Ire-
land at Bend Oregon, U. S. A., 17th October
1935.

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BOMBARDMENT OF
LIBERTY HALL.
HURRIED EXIT OF THE
REBELS.
On Wednesday the steamer Helga, formerly a police patrol boat belonging to the Fisheries Department, and lately employed by the Admiralty in connection with the war, was brought up the Liffey, and anchored nearly opposite the Custom House, with the intention of bombarding Liberty Hall, the headquarters of the Citizen Army.
As most people are aware, the loop-line rail way bridge intervenes between the Custom House and Liberty Hall, and in addition to this formidable obstruction to the line of fire one of Guinness's steamers was lying close to Butt Bridge. It was impossible under these conditions to bring direct fire to bear upon the objective. The gunners on the Helga were accordingly obliged to adopt a plan of dropping fire.
The military in occupation of the Custom House prepared to co-operate, and by removing portions of the wall facing Liberty Hall were able to obtain effective positions for their machine guns.
The bombardment commenced about eight o'clock in the morning, and for over an hour a continuous cannonade was maintained. There was no return fire from the rebels, who were supposed to be in occupation of Liberty Hall, but the bombardment caused intense excitement in the district, where there is a large population of the poorer class of residents. With every shot the houses were shaken, and the people were almost panic-stricken.
After the expenditure of a great amount of ammunition, the Helga withdrew further down the river. It was then seen that the outer shell of Liberty Hall had been very little damaged. All the windows had been blown in, but the surrounding brickwork was only slightly injured. The interior, however, was a mass of débris. The adjoining premises, occupied as an office by Messrs. Pickford, cariers, also suffered by the bombardment, the whole building having been blown to pieces. It was stated that during the previous night the "garrison" had been warned of the approach of the Helga, and made good their escape.

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DEATH OF SIR
JOHN MAXWELL.
IRISH COMMAND IN
1916 REBELLION.
CAPETOWN, Thursday.
General Sir John Maxwell, who was Commander-in-Chief in Ireland in 1916, has died at Capetown from pneumonia.
The body is being taken to England for burial.—Reuter.
CAPETOWN, Thursday.
Sir John Maxwell arrived on a visit on December 1. He attended the races last Saturday, and afterwards a cold developed.—Exchange.
It was while Sir John was Commander-in-Chief in Ireland that the Easter rebellion of 1916 broke out, and
General Sir John Maxwell.
it fell to him to put into force the repressive measures which were then decided upon.
His administration of martial law in Ireland was much criticised in the House of Commons, and his retirement soon after from the military command was said to be directly due to a debate which challenged the steps he took. He was succeeded by General Mahon.
Sir John Maxwell, who was 70 years of age, entered the Army in 1879, and commanded a brigade at the Battle of Omdurman, and also in the South African War.
For the first two years of the Great War and before his appointment as Commander-in-Chief in Ireland, he was chief liaison officer in France, and then commanded the British forces in Egypt. After his régime in Ireland he held the Northern Command for some time.
In 1917 Lady Maxwell offered to the nation one-third of her capital, free of interest, for the duration of the war, equivalent to a gift of £1,750 a year.

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(o) Against (o)
The Workers of Limerick
Promise to Pay the bearer
10/- TEN SHILLINGS. 10/-
For the Limerick Cross and Labour Council
Limo Wroters
Chairman
James in Gary
April,
(o) LIMERICK.
1919.
General Strike
Printed Kiltair
STRIKERS' PAPER MONEY.—A "Daily Mail" photograph of one of the ten-shilling notes printed by the Limerick Strike Committee. Notes for various amounts from 1s. to 10s. have been printed.

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The Chief Inspector and two of his officers at the Enniscorthy police barracks, where they were prisoners for five days with only bread and water.
Two officers who begged food and water for their men.
Mrs. R. A. Murray, an Enniscorthy heroine, who helped the soldiers with timely sustenance.

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10. XI. 19
Jim Larkin.
LARKIN ARREST RUMOUR.
New York, Sunday.
Up to midnight Saturday 71 halls had been raided and 400 Radicals arrested, including, it is reported, "Jim" Larkin.—Exchange.
James Larkin took a leading part in the Dublin Labour troubles that preceded the 1916 rebellion. He was last reported at an extremist meeting in New York in June.

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A Hero of "Easter Week."
FATHER ALBERT DEAD.
General regret will be felt throughout the world among those who remember the events of Easter Week, 1916, at the death of Father Albert, O.S.F.C., which occurred at Santa Barbara, California, on February 14.
Born in 1877, the late Father Albert was the son of the late Mr. J. Bibby, a respected Kilkenny citizen. He entered the Capuchin Order at an early age, and spent some years at Rochestown. He was one among the first batch of Capuchin students to receive the B.A. degree in the old Royal University. All through his life he was a zealous worker in the Irish language movement, and was a fluent speaker of Gaelic. Ordained in 1902, he was a devoted missioner and temperance advocate, and he sometimes gave missions altogether in Gaelic in the Irish-speaking districts.
His love of country was to him an enduring passion. Many of the brave men who figured in the Rising of 1916 were his principal friends. He attended some of the leaders before their execution in Kilmainham, and stood by them when they died. He went through much hardship during the Black and Tan regime, but he never complained of what he had to suffer.
The part he played when the division came in the country after the signing of the Treaty is well known. In this, as in all things, he was sincere, and few felt more kcenly than he did the division that had come. Those who could not accept his viewpoint in this matter can assert that never did they hear him speak unkind words against any of his fellow-countrymen.
American Mission.
He was sent last May to America, and was made Superior of the Capuchin Convent of St. Inez, California. Seven weeks ago he took ill, and when told that there was no hope of his recovery he received the news of his fate in a brave religious spirit, and wrote kindly, edifying messages to the Superiors and other friends in the Order in Ireland.

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MR. WILLIAM REDMOND, M.P.

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MR. JOSEPH DEVLIN, M.P.,
National President of the Ancient Order of Hibernians

--- Page 38 ---
Late Father O'Flanagan's
Funeral.
“Sceilg’s” Graveside Oration.
TRIBUTE TO PATRIOT PRIEST.
THE death of Rev. Michael O'Flanagan, in a Dublin Nursing Home, removes a prominent Gaelic Sagart, whose activities during the Sinn Fein resurgence prior and subsequent to Easter Week, 1916, won him nation-wide fame.
The funeral to Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin, on Monday was a striking demonstration of public sorrow and esteem. The Tricolour draped the coffin. Veterans of the War of Independence escorted the hearse bearing the remains. The cortege was of immense proportions, and was attended by large numbers of clergy, members of the Government, and others prominent in the public life of the country.
A funeral oration was delivered by Mr. J. J. O'Kelly (“Sceilg”), the late Father O'Flanagan's life-long friend and helper in the national cause. Following is “Sceilg’s” oration at the graveside:—

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DEATHS ON SCAFFOLD
Two Irishmen and R.I.C. Constable
Executed To-Day
SCENES AT MOUNTJOY
Male Relatives Arrested in City Hotel Last
Night
Calmly and firmly Messrs. Edward Foley and Patrick Maher, convicted by a Court Martial of military officers at the City Hall, Dublin, of the shooting of an R.I.C. sergeant at Knocklong about two years ago, warked from their cell in Mountjoy Prison to the scaffold this morning. As the hour of seven tolled out the bolt was drawn, and the list of Irishmen executed within the past seven months raised to twenty-four.
For the fourth time a silent reverent crowd assembled outside the portals of the prison to pay a last tribute of respect to the men about to die with cheerful resignation, and to pray for the repose of their souls. The scene was a most impressive one, and it grew in intensity as the fatal hour approached.
An hour later Constable William Mitchell, an Englishman who had joined the R.I.C., died at the hands of the hangman for being concerned in the murder of Mr. R. T. Dixon, a loyalist, during a raid for money at his residence at Dunlavin, Co. Wicklow.
EXECUTED TOGETHER
The Scenes Outside Prison
Walls
Edward Foley and Patrick Maher died on the scaffold in Mountjoy Prison this morning.
They were executed together at 7 o'clock.
The fact that clergy of all denominations, professional gentlemen, landed gentry, ex-army officers, and J.P.'s in Co. Limerick had petitioned for their reprieve raised hopes that the British Government might relent even at the last moment.
These illusions were, however, dispelled by the news that Lord FitzAlan had intimated that "the law must take its course."
THE ASSEMBLY.
For the fourth occasion in the past seven months, a silent, prayerful crowd assembled outside the walls of Mountjoy
to pay a last tribute to the men who were cheerfully facing death within the building, and to pray for the repose of their souls.
As early as 5.30 a.m. a number of people had reached the prison.
The outer gates were then closed, and some D.M.P. constables stood on guard outside. The early arrivals watched the wing of the prison in which the condemned men were located and eagerly waved handkerchiefs, but there was no response, the prisoners' cells being out of view.
PRIESTS ENTER.
At 5.50 o'clock Canon Waters and Fr. McMahon entered the prison, having walked from Olonliffe College. The outer gates were closed at 6 o'clock, and from that time a group of people were seen wending their way towards the prison. Between the inner railings and the prison door a strong military guard had taken up a position, while an armoured car stood facing the crowd.

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MOUNTAIN MYSTERY
Inquest To-day on Skeleton of
Kidnapped Republican
An Irishman, Noel Lemass, whose skeletonised remains have been found in the Dublin mountains, was kidnapped last July in Suffolk-street, Dublin.
He had previously been arrested and interned in Gormanstown camp, but escaped in June. He was wounded in the rising of 1916.
An inquest will be held to-day at Rathmines Morgue.
When the body was found it was face downwards, and the scene suggested that it had been disturbed a considerable time after death.
There was an impression of the body on the ground about two paces from where it lay, and here were hair and the teeth and some of the fingers.
The mouth suggested that the teeth had been violently forced out. There were two bullet wounds on the left side of the head.

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ERSKINE CHILDERS
Editor, Irish Independent:
I hope, in justice, you will not refuse to publish an appreciation of Erskine Childers' work for Ireland from one who acted as his private secretary since 1921.
During the military regime which was the start of the recent fighting, Erskine Childers' pen fought and beat the terrorism the English Government had prepared for the people of Ireland. His pamphlet, "Military Rule in Ireland," went over the world. England could not bear to lose her army's prestige, and the tactics changed.
Then came the Black and Tan regime. Mr. Childers was in the confidence of Michael Collins during this period and both he and his wife were rusted and used.
When the election of 1921 came Erskine Childers was selected by the Comhairle of Wicklow. He was well known there since childhood, for when his parents died he came to live with the Bartons (his mother's people) at Glendalough House. The Wicklow people remembered, too, that there would have been no rising of 1916 but for the landing of the guns at Howth by Mr. and Mrs. Childers.
His name for election had to be approved by the standing committee of Sinn Fein. It was accepted and Erskine Childers was elected as one of the people's representatives. He took the Republican oath, and people
who knew him know well why he opposed the treaty. Erskine Childers could not break that oath even if he stood alone.
Afterwards, when Desmond Fitzgerald was imprisoned he was appointed to his position on the Cabinet—as Director of Publicity. This appointment was ratified then by the Parliament of the Dail.
He was in the inmost secrets of the Cabinet up to the truce. He would have been selected as a plenipotentiary only that President De Valera considered that his expert knowledge in several different departments would make him indispensable as secretary and adviser to the plenipotentiaries.
Even the English enemy were compelled to recognize him in his representative capacity then, and neither Lloyd George nor Churchill offered any objection to sitting with him at the main conferences of the treaty.
We must remember, too, that if Mr. Childers had chosen to support the treaty he would probably have been included in the Cabinet.
LILI NI BRAONAIN.
(We are obliged to make some deletions from the foregoing.—Ed., I. I.)

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SINN FEIN ORGANISATION (PUBLICITY DEPARTMENT)
17th October, 1923.
HUNGER-STRIKE
The following manifesto has been issued by the prisoners at present on hunger-strike in Mountjoy Jail for unconditional release.
MOUNTJOY JAIL, 13th October, 1923.
The armed resistance of the I.R.A. to the Free State party to compel them to submit to recognition being given, and an oath being sworn in Ireland's name to British Imperial Authority, was terminated by the Republican Government's order that hostilities cease. The orders have been strictly obeyed by the I.R.A. and war has ceased since April 28th.—that is six months ago.
The Free State Military success is now utilised to inflict persistent suffering on helpless prisoners, suffering from brutal and continuous torture worse than any inflicted during the period of hostilities.
The Prison and Camp organisations which we fought to have recognised all through the period from 1916 to 1921, and which the F.S. recognised during the late war, is now to be smashed and the I.R.A. prisoners deprived of the status they hitherto held. This unwarranted and unprovoked attack has been met by the prisoners with passive resistance, and to break down the passive resistance, the F.S. have resorted to tactics, which are, perhaps, in the whole terrible history of Irishmen's six years fight against the treatment callously designed for them by their captors. Bayonets and batons have failed because the F.S. soldiers and military police have, in the face of the unfinching courage of the prisoners, generally refused to carry out the degrading orders issued to them.
But, the hosing of the prisoners here, their forcible expulsion, then saturated, into the exercise rings, there to suffer exposure in bitter weather for thirty seven hours, and to be hosed again and again on subsequent days, and bedding, cells, clothing, etc., also hosed; the beating and kicking of men as they were dragged from their cells, and finally their confinement in over-crowded cells for three weeks, and the persistent firing on them—these things are fresh in the public mind. And in addition, as may not yet be known to the public, the torture of prisoners in the basement where men have lain, and some yet lie, handcuffed, without bedding and only partially dressed, day and night, for thirteen days, is the measure of the treatment all may expect during the F.S. effort to break the present passive resistance.
In face of all these facts the prisoners now feel that there is but one alternative left to them—the hunger-strike, the ultimate weapon of passive resistance; and that they have decided during this incessant and desperate provocation, to adopt. They have no guarantee that, if by the horrible suffering of this form of strike, they succeed in receiving acknowledgment of their non-criminal status, that this acknowledgment will last. They are, therefore, compelled to demand not political treatment, but unconditional release, which alone can save them from slow death. Therefore, on and from this Saturday night, 13/10/23, they shall refuse to partake of any food until they shall have, in the words of Terence MacSwiney, achieved freedom or the grave.
Each of us, to himself and to his comrades, solemnly pledges himself to abstain from food until he is unconditionally released. In taking this grave decision we, as citizens of Ireland know, that lovers of human liberty the world over will understand and respect our motives.
Our lives and the sufferings we shall endure we offer to God for the furtherance of the cause of truth and justice in every land and for the speeding of the day of Ireland's freedom.
Go dtugaidh Dia Grasta na Poidne duinn i n-aghaid na h-Eagcora.
(Signed)
MICHAEL MACGIOLLARUAIDH.
MICHAEL KILROY. O/C Prisoners.

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IN MEMORIAM.
MICK RADFORD,
JUNE 22nd, 1923.
And One upon a cross was crucified,
For He was Love and Charity combined,
And one drank hemlock in his wisdom's pride,
And left a deathless heritage behind.
And all the pallid portals of grim doom
Have yawned through weary ages, for the wise
Men crucify their Christ, and seal the tomb,
Lest he should lead them into Paradise.
But Judas' hands are clean; no crimson stain
Flecks them with blood unrighteously shed,
Though ruin tracks the Roman legions' train,
Springing remorseless from the man-god—dead.
That men may garner in the Autumn time,
Prime wheat is planted in the dark earth's womb.
And that his land might harvest—in his prime
Radford is hidden in the silent tomb.
Larry de Lacy,
The Jail, Wexford.

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THE LATE SEAN HALES.
The following has been brought into us, with a request for publication, by relatives of the late Sean Hales :—
(To the Editor, Cork Examiner.)
Sir,—That we view with horror and disgust the execution of the four Irishmen, Richard Barrett, Liam Mellowes, Joseph McKelvey, and Rory O'Connor, as a reprisal for the death of Sean Hales, our dearly beloved brother, and we think it a criminal folly to believe that such methods will end the strife in our land; and we are of opinion that reprisals on either side will only increase the bitterness and delay the reconciliation that all patriotic Irishmen long and pray for, and also that the sole testimony of a British officer is very insufficient proof of how he met his death.
Signed,
ROBERT HALES, Father.
MARGARET HALES, Mother.
LIAM HALES, Brother.
DOMNAL HALES, Brother, Italian Consul, Genoa, Italy.
MARGARET HALES, Sister.
ELIZABETH HALES, Sister.
Liam Hales, Knocknacurra,
Ballinadee, Dec. 15, 1922.

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Archbishop Paschal Robinson (left), Papal Nuncio to Ireland, who was a journalist in America before becoming a priest, was guest of honour at Institute of Journalists' dinner in Dublin, reported in last week's issue on page 24. He is chatting with Rev. Fr. Senan, editor of the "Fr. Mathew Record," "Bonaventura" and the "Capuchin Annual." Fr. Senan is a brother of Rev. F. Moynihan, the editor of "The Advocate."

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CELTIC CONGRESS GARDEN PARTY
UNDER THE TREES at the garden party given to delegates of the Celtic Congress in the Zoo gardens, Dublin, and (right), Mr. Justice Meredith with a notable guest—Father Senan, the distinguished Franciscan Capuchin scholar.
Oh yesh!

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Mary MacSwiney—R.I.P.
Dear Sir,—From the window of a bus journeying citywards last week, I noticed a placard which aroused my interest. The placard advertised your paper and bore the following caption: "Death of a Patriot." As soon as possible I purchased a copy of THE STANDARD, only to discover, to my complete amazement, that the paper contained no reference whatsoever to that most noble patriot who died in Cork during the preceding week—I refer, of course, to Miss Mary MacSwiney. R.I.P.
Alas, how the standards by which patriots are adjudged have changed of recent years! To-day apparently devotion to one's country, adherence to eternal principles, unswerving loyalty and fealty unto death in the cause of Irish liberty are no longer the hallmarks of the patriot.
When time has immortalised Mary MacSwiney she will illumine Irish history as an example to the women of her race; what tragic irony it is to
think that young Irish people will hear the story of her brother's martyrdom in the cause of Irish independence, and if they search for accounts for his sister's sacrifices for the same cause amongst the obituaries in the Irish newspapers of 1942 they will seek in vain. The British Empire, the whole world, could not silence the clarion challenge of Terence MacSwiney's death. . . . In a "Free" Eire to-day his patriot sister passes to the grave unhonoured and unsung.
Is not this fact in itself an eloquent commentary on the state of our country? What, if any, is the explanation of this extraordinary anomaly? Can it be possible that those who were once Mary MacSwiney's comrades in the struggle for Irish freedom but who have since abandoned her high ideals and the hard road of intrepid political consistency in pursuit of compromise and its compensating flesh-pots would wish her memory to fade into oblivion?
In writing as I do I do not wish to disparage in any way the subject of your leader headed "Death of a Patriot," the late Mr. T. P. Dowdall, R.I.P., with whom I was personally acquainted. I respected him always as a man of the highest integrity, as one whose generosity to his fellows was,
indeed, unbounded and who served the political parties to which he at various times belonged, sincerely and well. Mr. Dowdall himself, however, would have been the first to disclaim his right to be entitled "patriot."
Formerly among our national patriots were numbered those who gave their all in the cause of Irish liberty. . . . Tone, Emmet, Anne Devlin, John Mitchel and Connolly, to name but a few. By virtue of her sacrifices for the same cause, her calm endurance of imprisonment, hunger-strike, and always financial strain not to mention her supreme courage that was an inspiration to her martyr brother up to the very hour of his death, Mary MacSwiney was true to the best traditions of her race and as a national figure is entitled to her place among our patriotic heroes forever.
Go ndeannuigh Dia trocaire ar a h-anam!—NUALA HEALY, Drimnagh.
[Publication of this letter will, we hope, repair what was undoubtedly an omission on our part and assure our correspondent and, we feel, many other of our readers, that we had and have nothing but the greatest respect for the high personal qualities of the late Miss MacSwiney, who was among our most frequent correspondents.—EDITOR]

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LIAM LYNCH,
Vitam dedit pro Republica Hiberniae,
die 10° Aprilis, 1923.
A LIAM UI LOINGSIS ave atque vale
In loco montium solitario, pro libertate pugnans solus occidisti. Manus Hibernae, quas armis assuefeceras, te occiderunt. Virtus tua et amor erga patriam meliori tempore dicentur. Nos fatum ploramus.
"Terga dabo, et Turnum fugientem haec terra videbit?
Usque adeone mori miserum est? Vos o mihi Manes
Est boni; quoniam superis aversa voluntas.
Sancta ad vos anima atque istius inscia culpae
Descendam, magnorum haud unquam indignus avorum."
Vergil. Aen. XII. (645-649).